Characterization and GC-MS Profiling of Volatile Compounds in an Anti-Ophidic Formulation from Haryana

Author: Madhu Sindhu and Umesh Thakur

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Abstract

Snakebites are a major public health concern around the globe with a high mortality rate. Modern and traditional approaches to healthcare systems signify abroad spectrum of healing practices for snake bites. This study reported a formulation said to be anti-ophidic in emergency cases of snake bites. Despite the dominance of conventional medicines in the treatment of snakebites, traditional medicines can offer significant benefits. In this quest, we explored its organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters and identified volatile compounds present in it through GC-MS analysis. From the ingredients. We identified the formulation as herbo-mineral preparation and all the physico-chemical parameters were found within the limits. The methanolic extract was prepared for GC-MS analysis. We identified a total of 15 chemical compounds. Out of them 2-Furancarboxaldehyde, 5-(2-furanylmethyl)- (20.16%), n-Hexadecenoic acid (9.33%), and 1-Heptatriacotanol (9.05%) were found to be highly abundant. Erythrocentaurin (4.19%), 3-O-Methyl-d-glucose (6.21%), 9-Octadecenamide, (Z)-, and Lupeol (7.18%) were present in moderate amounts. Some minor compounds such as 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol, Hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester (1.50%), and Ethyl iso-allocholate (1.10%) were also reported through the analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first documentation on standardization and analysis through GC-MS analysis of this formulation. Anti-inflammatory compounds such as 2-Methoxy-4-vinyl phenol, Erythrocentaurin, and n-hexadecenoic acid can help develop treatments for inflammation due to snakebites. PLA2 is prevalent in snake venom and the prevalence of n-Hexadecanoic acid in this formulation can be explored for its anti-ophidic properties. The GC-MS profiling revealed that this formulation is rich in compounds having anti-inflammatory, anti-necrotic, anti-ophidic, and vasodilation properties relevant to developing new treatments for the treatments of snakebites

Keywords

Traditional formulations, Anti-ophidic, GC-MS, Physico-chemical

Conclusion

Studies to discover treatments for snakebites are the requirement of time to achieve the goal of WHO to reduce the deaths due to snakebites to half by 2030. Due to the hefty limitations of present-day antivenom treatments exploration of alternative treatments is important to identify their constituents and subsequently the mechanism of action. We reported a formulation used majorly against snake bites and upon standardization physico-chemical parameters were found within the limits determined by API. We identified the 15 volatile compounds present in the formulation. The resulting compounds displayed a wide range of biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-ophidic, anti-necrotic, antiprotozoal, anticancer, and anti-arthritic properties. Out of them anti-inflammatory, anti-ophidic, and anti-necrotic are of importance as chronic inflammation, and necrosis are the most common and deadly consequences of snake bites

References

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How to cite this article

Madhu Sindhu and Umesh Thakur (2023). Characterization and GC-MS Profiling of Volatile Compounds in an Anti-Ophidic Formulation from Haryana. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(5a): 750-756.