Exploitation of Heterosis for Grain Yield and Yield Component Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) over Environments

Author: Sunita Choudhary, N.R. Koli, S.C. Sharma, D.S. Meena, K.M. Sharma, C.B. Meena and Narendra Padra

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Abstract

The yield of the semi-dwarf wheat varieties hits a plateau which can be due to the limited exploitation of the gene pool. Heterosis breeding provides ways to overcome yield barriers. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate heterosis for grain yield and its components in the F1 generation of wheat using Line × Tester analysis under three different environmental conditions viz., Early sowing (30/10/2022) (E1), Normal sowing (17/11/2022) (E2) and Late sowing (05/12/2022) (E3) during Rabi, 2022-23. A total of 36 genotypes, consisting of one check, 11 parents (3 testers + 8 lines) and 24 crosses (F1s), were grown in a Randomized Block Design with three replications. The percent heterosis over mid-parent, better parent and standard check was calculated for yield and yield contributing components. The majority of crosses exhibited significant positive average heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis for grain yield and important yield attributing traits, showing the dominant nature of genes with a positive effect. Additionally, several crosses showed promising heterotic behaviour with negative heterosis for flowering and maturity-related attributes, indicating the dominance of genes with negative effects for these traits. The F1s, Raj 4037 × Raj 4238, Raj 3077 × DBW 110, Raj 3765 × Raj 4079 and GW 322 × Raj 4079 were considered as the best heterotic hybrids for grain yield so these hybrids may be utilized to obtain desirable genotypes in wheat. For protein content and zinc content Raj 4037 × DBW 110 and Sonalika × Raj 4238 considered as better hybrids respectively

Keywords

Wheat, Heterosis, Heterobeltiosis, Standard heterosis Line × Tester, Grain Yield, Dominance

Conclusion

The current study found that the majority of crosses had positive significant average heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis for grain yield and key yield attributing traits, implying the dominance nature of genes with a positive effect. Furthermore, a number of crosses displayed favourable heterotic behaviour with negative heterosis for maturity-related attributes, indicating that the genes with negative effects were dominant for these characters. Thus, it can be concluded that the hybrids namely Raj 4037 × Raj 4238, Raj 3077 × DBW 110 and GW 322 × Raj 4079 were considered as the best heterotic hybrids for grain yield and attributing traits so these hybrids may be utilized to obtain desirable genotype

References

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How to cite this article

Sunita Choudhary, N.R. Koli, S.C. Sharma, D.S. Meena, K.M. Sharma, C.B. Meena and Narendra Padra (2024). Exploitation of Heterosis for Grain Yield and Yield Component Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) over Environments. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 16(7): 240-245.