Nuptial Gifts in Insects: Evolution and Significance in Insect’s Reproductive Success

Author: M. Chaitanya, K.R. Mahendra, G.N. Kiran Kumar, K.S. Ishwarya Lakshmi and M. Shashikala

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Abstract

Nuptial gifts, which are non-reproductive nutritional materials transferred to females from males during courtship and mating, play a significant role in sexual conflict among conspecifics. These gifts can range from nutritious prey materials to glandular secretions, providing direct rewards to females by boosting their reproductive success and offspring viability. However, they can also be detrimental, as some gifts may manipulate female behavior or reduce their remating opportunities, thereby benefiting males at the expense of female fitness. Recent studies have highlighted the dual nature of these gifts, suggesting that while they may serve as a mating effort to secure copulation, they also function as paternal investments that nourish both females and their progeny. The interaction between sexual selection and the evolutionary dynamics of nuptial gifts continues to be a topic of debate, with research indicating that the benefits and costs associated with these gifts can vary significantly across different species and contexts. Understanding the complexities of nuptial gifts and the sexual conflict surrounding them is crucial for elucidating the evolutionary strategies employed by both sexes in mating systems

Keywords

Nuptial gifts, Sexual conflicts, Insect reproduction, Male ejaculates, Seminal fluids

Conclusion

Most oral gifts, such as prey or glandular products, provide direct benefits to females. These gifts are crucial for female nutrition, particularly when food from other sources is scarce, often leading to increased mating rates. For instance, the availability of nutrients from these gifts can enhance female reproductive success, as evidenced by studies showing that females are more likely to mate when they can access these resources. Additionally, some seminal contributions from males also offer direct benefits. These contributions may include chemicals that serve defensive roles against natural enemies, as well as essential nutrients. Evidence suggests that when females receive these gifts, they can improve their reproductive outcomes, which further supports the idea that these gifts are beneficial. Overall, the interplay between male gifts and female fitness illustrates the complex dynamics of sexual selection and resource allocation in mating strategies

References

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How to cite this article

M. Chaitanya, K.R. Mahendra, G.N. Kiran Kumar, K.S. Ishwarya Lakshmi and M. Shashikala (2024). Nuptial Gifts in Insects: Evolution and Significance in Insect’s Reproductive Success. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 16(8): 106-113