Harnessing the Potential of Chlorella vulgaris for Sustainable Bioplastic Production

Author: Sona A., Bhagyalakshmi S. and Priya Senan V.

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Abstract

Global plastic pollution has surged over the past decades, contributing significantly to plastic pollution, which poses a severe environmental threat to ecosystems and human health. As a sustainable alternative, bioplastics derived from microalgae offer a promising solution, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and minimizing the environmental impact of plastic waste. This study explores the utilization of microalgae, specifically focusing on Chlorella vulgaris. Selected for its rapid cell division and superior biomass yield, this strain was cultivated in BG 11 medium under constant light (700-800 Lux), achieving optimal growth within 10 days. Biomass growth was measured at the optimal density, and microalgal concentrations were determined using a Neubauerhaemocytometer. Spectrophotometry quantified chlorophyll content, while DNA was assessed through UV spectrophotometry. The DNA was isolated and 18S regions amplified by PCR and subjected to BLAST to confirm the microalgae species. The microalgal biomass was processed to create bioplastic with inherent biodegradability, confirmed by the Sudan black dye test, establishing its environmental friendliness. Further, large scale production can be done in fermenters to develop a biodegradable plastic and evaluate its environmental benefits

Keywords

Microalgae, biomass, Biodegradable, Poly Hydroxy Butyrate, Sudan Black Dye Test

Conclusion

The chosen microalgal species, a strain of Chlorella vulgaris, was selected for its rapid cell division, elevated biomass index, and commercial significance compared to other available strains. Cultures were prepared and incubated under optimal conditions. Microscopic observations under 40X magnification were conducted daily for five days to monitor cell growth and multiplication. The biomass growth efficiency was determined through optical absorbance at 700nm, establishing maximum absorbance using a spectrophotometer. Microalgal concentrations in the mixed culture were quantified using an improved Neubauerhemocytometer counting chamber. Chlorophyll content was assessed spectrophotometrically, measuring absorbance at 665nm and 750nm. Molecular sequencing of the 16S rRNA marker genes facilitated microalgae identification. DNA isolation, quantification, and purity assessment were performed using CTAB and spectrophotometry. Gel electrophoresis with a 250bp DNA marker aided in confirming DNA integrity. PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA region, gel purification, and sequencing were executed, followed by BLAST analysis. Additionally, PHB content analysis was conducted through the Sudan black dye test, and PHB extraction was performed. The comprehensive methodology employed ensures a robust and detailed investigation of the microalgal species. The microalgal culture was confirmed as Chlorella vulgaris through DNA amplification and subsequent BLAST analysis. The PHB granules were then extracted and used for bioplastic production. This study successfully identified and confirmed Chlorella vulgaris through DNA amplification and BLAST analysis, with PHB granules extracted and utilized for bioplastic production, demonstrating the strain’s commercial potential and efficiency

References

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How to cite this article

Sona A., Bhagyalakshmi S. and Priya Senan V. (2024). Harnessing the Potential of Chlorella vulgaris for Sustainable Bioplastic Production. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 16(8): 312-317