Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Types, Synthesis, Biomedical applications and Scope of Nanoinformatics

Author: Carol Vincent, Gouri Bhuvanendran Kavitha, Ambili Savithri, Asha S. Kumar, Remya A.S., Maya Madhavan, Lea Maria Tony, Sandhra Puthiyapurayil Murali, Sabeena Mustafa and Deepa Rani S.

Download PDF

Abstract

Nanotechnology has gained a tremendous appreciation since it’s discovery, finding applications across numerous scientific and technological areas. Nanomedicines and nanoinformatics can enhance delivery efficiency and accelerate research in nanomedicine. By utilizing data-driven approaches, computational modelling, and artificial intelligence, they can drive innovation, improve drug design, and transform healthcare by unlocking its full potential. Nanoparticles are generally classified into metallic and metal oxide nanoparticles. Among these, metal oxide nanoparticles are recognized as a more sophisticated and effective form compared to metallic nanoparticles, particularly iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). This review meticulously explores and summarizes different types of IONPs and their methods of synthesis. Beyond their general characteristics, the wide applications of IONPs in biomedical field are also highlighted. Although IONPs are a fascinating and emerging class of NPs, they possess some level of toxicity, which may raise potential concerns. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the characteristics, uses, biodistribution, and toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles. Considering the emerging interest of nanoinformatics, we have also included its opportunities in development of nanomaterial-based therapeutics

Keywords

Iron oxide nanoparticles, maghemite, hematite, magnetite, targeted drug delivery, magnetic hyperthermia, photothermal therapy, biodistribution, toxicity, cytotoxicity, nanoinformatics

Conclusion

Nanomaterials are defined as materials having a size range of approximately 1 to 100 nm. Metal oxide nanoparticles are a versatile class of nanoparticles and have been emerging as a potential agent in science, especially iron oxide nanoparticles. Here, physical, chemical and biological methods of synthesizing different types of iron oxide nanoparticles were reviewed. Owing to their unique properties and biocompatibility, iron oxide nanoparticles have been employed in various areas of biomedicine, despite their toxicity. Numerous studies are underway that discuss the promising future of Iron oxide nanoparticles. Recently, nanoinformatics has received a lot of interest because it is a fast-evolving discipline with potential applications in nanomaterial based therapeutic methods. This review, hence aims to contribute to the growing body of research that supports the advancements of iron oxide nanoparticles

References

-

How to cite this article

Carol Vincent, Gouri Bhuvanendran Kavitha, Ambili Savithri, Asha S. Kumar, Remya A.S., Maya Madhavan, Lea Maria Tony, Sandhra Puthiyapurayil Murali, Sabeena Mustafa and Deepa Rani S. (2023). Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Types, Synthesis, Biomedical applications and Scope of Nanoinformatics. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(6): 927-938