Prevalence and Socio-demographic Associations of Household Food Insecurity in Slums Across Bhubaneswar, Odisha - A Cross-sectional Study

Author: Rashmita Behera, Suryamani Patro and Tanmayee Mousumee Maharana

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Abstract

Food insecurity remains a significant challenge in urban slums, impacting the health and well-being of vulnerable populations. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the socio-economic conditions and household food security among slum dwellers in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Data were collected from households on family structure, education, occupation, income, and socio-economic class. Results revealed that 43.5% of families had 4-6 members, with most households being nuclear. Only 6.5% of households were food secure, while 37% experienced moderate food insecurity. Chi-square analysis showed significant associations between food insecurity and family size (p=0.007), paternal education (p<0.01), and socio-economic class (p=0.000). Despite access to basic amenities, inadequate kitchen infrastructure and poor ventilation were common. The study concludes that higher educational attainment and improved socio-economic status significantly enhance household food security, highlighting the need for targeted educational and economic interventions to mitigate food insecurity in urban slums

Keywords

slum dwellers, socio economic status, food security

Conclusion

The study reveals that household food insecurity is prevalent among slum dwellers in Bhubaneswar, with a significant portion of households experiencing mild to moderate insecurity. Educational attainment of the household head, particularly paternal education, and socio-economic class emerged as critical determinants of food security status. Skilled employment and middle-range income levels were associated with better food security outcomes. However, households with larger family sizes were more vulnerable to food insecurity. Despite improvements in access to basic amenities such as housing, sanitation, and municipal water supply, inadequate kitchen infrastructure and ventilation remain challenges. The findings underscore the need for integrated approaches that address both educational advancement and socio-economic upliftment to enhance food security in urban slums

References

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How to cite this article

Rashmita Behera, Suryamani Patro and Tanmayee Mousumee Maharana (2023). Prevalence and Socio-demographic Associations of Household Food Insecurity in Slums Across Bhubaneswar, Odisha - A Cross-sectional Study. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(5a): 793-797