Studies on Genetic Variability and Heritability for Several Morpho-Physiological Traits under various Sodicity Levels in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Author: Ankur Kumar Singh, Shiva Nath, Shrigovind, Akanksha Singh and Tarkeshwar

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Abstract

Rice is an effective supply of carbohydrate, proteins, fiber, lipid and fat, minerals (potassium, phosphorous, magnesium, calcium, sodium and iodine) and nutrients (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine and folic acid). Rice is often consumed in poor countries with limited access to meat and fish, resulting in a deficiency in key minerals and nutrients in the diet. About 90% of the world's rice is produced and consumed in Asia, making it a staple meal. Seventy-three distinct rice genotypes, including three checks from two different farms with varying levels of sodicity i.e., pH 8.4 (at Agronomy Farm) and pH 9.5 (at Main Experiment Station) during kharif 2021-22, were investigated for genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance following randomized complete block design. A collection of diverse genotypes was evaluated for fifteen various morpho-physiological traits viz., days to 50% flowering, plant height (cm), productive tillers per plant, panicle length (cm), flag leaf area (cm2), fertile spikelet/panicle, spikelet fertility percent, chlorophyll content, L/B ration, leaf nitrogen, leaf temperature (SPAD Value), biological yield per plant (g), harvest-index (%), 1000-grains weight (g) and grain yield per plant (g). The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits. A look at the coefficient of variability revealed that the GCV and PCV at Agronomy Farm (pH 8.4, E1) were quite high for productive tiller/plant, flag leaf area, biological yield/plant, chlorophyll content, and grains yield, while being moderate for plant height, fertile spikelet/panicle, and leaf nitrogen, and having the lowest values noted for days to 50% flowering, panicle length, spikelet fertility, harvest index, leaf temperature, and 1000-grain weight. PCV and GCV, on the other hand, were moderate for plant height, fertile spikelet/panicle, L/B ratio, and leaf nitrogen, and quite high for productive tiller/plant, flag leaf area, biological yield/plant, chlorophyll content, and grains yield at the main experiment station farm (E2). They were, however, lowest for days to 50% flowering panicle length, leaf temperature, and 1000-grain weight (g) at this farm. For E1 (pH 8.4), a high estimate of heredity was obtained for every parameter, while for E2 (pH 9.6), a high estimate of heritability was found for every parameter with the exception of Leaf temperature. The majority of the features' high heritability and high genetic progress suggested that additive gene action predominated. In our breeding programme, selection can be used to enhance these features.

Keywords

Rice, sodicity, variability, heritability, genetic advance, Oryza sativa

Conclusion

In the current experiment, it was determined that plant height (cm), productive tiller / plant, flag leaf area (cm2), fertile spikelet / panicle, biological yield / plant (g), L/B ratio, chlorophyll content, leaf nitrogen, and grains yield (g/plant) are the most significant characters at both Sodicity levels because they have high heritability coeficients. This suggests that the regulating gene responsible for these features involves additive gene activity. Therefore, these traits could be enhanced through selection in generations that are segregated. The total outcome demonstrated that the genotypes under study had sufficient diversity. Using the right breeding methods and programmes, this diversity could be successfully managed to create better cultivars. Most qualities at both farms of the two distinct sodicity levels showed high estimates of heritability and genetic progress, showing the preponderance of additive gene action and the potential for direct selection through these traits.

References

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How to cite this article

Ankur Kumar Singh, Shiva Nath, Shrigovind, Akanksha Singh and Tarkeshwar (2023). Studies on Genetic Variability and Heritability for Several Morpho-Physiological Traits under various Sodicity Levels in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(7): 284-289.