Toxicity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from Myristica fragrans on Striped Panchax (Aplocheilus lineatus)

Author: Nandini, N.J., Renjusha, S., Siny G. Benjamin, Sajeeb Khan, A., Ayana Gayathri, R.V. and Shruthi, P.

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Abstract

The toxicity of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles from Myristica fragrans on striped panchax (Aplocheilus lineatus) was investigated in the present study. Usually, nanoparticles are synthesized chemically but safer synthesis methods are used to prevent risk for living organisms and the environment. Extracts of a diverse range of plant species have been successfully used in making nanoparticles. In the present study, zinc oxide nanoparticles are manufactured in the green synthesis method. The extracted powder was characterized and the synthesis of the nanoparticles was confirmed with UV-visible spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-Ray Diffraction Technique (XRD). UV–visible absorption spectrum of synthesized nanoparticles is centred around 350 nm for ZNPs. In IR spectroscopy, the peaks were observed at 1600 and 500 cm−1 which correspond to Zn–O stretching and deformation vibration, respectively. SEM images clearly showed the existence of zinc oxide nanoparticles in spherical and crystalline form. XRD analysis showed a particle size of 25.26 nm. Toxicity evaluation was conducted on striped panchax (Aplocheilus lineatus) for 72 h. Three groups of the experiment fish were exposed to different concentrations (10, 50 and 100 mg/L) of ZnO nanoparticles. All the exposed fishes were daily observed and dead fishes were immediately removed and recorded. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using probit regression method. The LC50 value in the present study was found to be 47.86 mg/L for striped panchax, which makes this nanoparticle as a low toxicity substance in terms of toxicity classification. Based on the obtained LC50 it was revealed that the green nanoparticles synthesis is much less hazardous and a good alternative technique.

Keywords

Nanoparticles, Zinc oxide nanoparticles, Acute toxicity, Nanotechnology, LC50

Conclusion

The primary objectives of this study were to synthesise zinc oxide nanoparticles using leaf extracts from Myristica leaf and to assess the detrimental effects of these particles on striped panchax. The ZnO NPs were successfully synthesized by the biological method and it was found to be simple, cheap, safer and eco-friendly than the chemical and physical methods. The precise development of the nanoparticle was validated by the characterization analysis. The outcomes of this study suggest that biologically synthesized nanoparticles pose less threat to aquatic organisms compared to chemically prepared nanomaterials, based on the obtained LC50 values. Because of their species diversity, plants can be thought of as the primary option for the synthesis of nanoparticles and should be viewed as an alternative to chemical methods. Since green synthesis is less expensive, creates less pollution, and improves the safety of the environment and human health, it is preferable to traditional chemical synthesis. The development of green synthetic methods has been driven by the increasing demand for green chemistry and nanotechnology.

References

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How to cite this article

Nandini, N.J., Renjusha, S., Siny G. Benjamin, Sajeeb Khan, A., Ayana Gayathri, R.V. and Shruthi, P. (2023). Toxicity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from Myristica fragrans on Striped Panchax (Aplocheilus lineatus). Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(3): 809-814.